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Inflammatory Physician Reviewed

Acne — cleared by dermatologists, not guesswork

India's most common skin condition, explained and treated with evidence-based precision at DermaVue's 7 clinics across Kerala & Tamil Nadu.

Acne Vulgaris Pimples Cystic Acne Hormonal Acne Breakouts
Affects Face, Chest, Back
Age Group 12 – 44 years
Contagious No
Treatment 3 – 6 sessions
Consultation ₹300
At a Glance
0%
of people get acne at some point in their life
0.4%
global population affected — #1 skin condition worldwide
0%+
DermaVue patient satisfaction across 7,400+ reviews
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7 clinics · Kerala & Tamil Nadu · ₹300 consultation

What Is It

Understanding Acne

Reviewed by Dr. Minu Liz Mathew, MBBS MD DVL — February 2026

Acne happens when pores get blocked by a combination of oil (sebum), dead skin cells, and bacteria. This isn't caused by eating oily food or skipping face-wash — it's driven by hormones, genetics, and the biology of your skin glands. The result ranges from mild blackheads to deep, painful cysts that can scar permanently if untreated. The good news: every grade of acne is treatable. DermaVue dermatologists use a combination of prescription-grade topicals, in-clinic procedures, and lifestyle protocols — matched precisely to your skin type and acne grade.

Acne vulgaris is a chronic inflammatory disorder of the pilosebaceous unit, characterised by a spectrum of lesions: non-inflammatory comedones (open and closed), and inflammatory papules, pustules, nodules, and cysts. Pathogenesis is multifactorial — androgen-stimulated sebaceous hyperplasia, follicular hyperkeratinisation leading to microcomedone formation, Cutibacterium acnes colonisation activating Toll-like receptors and IL-1α–mediated inflammatory cascades, and subsequent matrix metalloproteinase–driven dermal remodelling resulting in scarring.[1] Indian Fitzpatrick IV–VI skin phenotypes carry elevated post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation risk requiring adjunctive depigmenting protocols.

M
Dr. Minu Liz Mathew, MBBS MD DVL
Consultant Dermatologist · RealSelf Recognised · DermaVue Kochi
Last reviewed: February 2026
Signs & Symptoms

What does Acne look like?

Symptoms range widely in severity. Identifying which type you have determines the right treatment.

Blackheads
Open clogged pores where sebum oxidises and darkens at the surface. Not caused by dirt.
Mild
Whiteheads
Closed clogged pores appearing as soft white or flesh-coloured bumps under the skin surface.
Mild
Papules
Small red tender bumps with no visible head. Sign of early inflammation. Do not squeeze.
Moderate
Pustules
Papules with a visible white or yellow pus tip at the surface — the classic "pimple" most people recognise.
Moderate
Nodules
Large, solid, painful lumps deep in the skin. High scarring risk. Require systemic treatment.
Mod. Severe
Post-Acne Marks
Flat red or dark brown marks left after a pimple heals. Very common in Indian skin (Fitzpatrick IV–VI).
Mod. Severe
Cysts
Painful pus-filled lesions — the most severe form of acne with highest permanent scarring risk. Needs urgent treatment.
Severe
Acne Scars
Ice-pick, boxcar, or rolling scars from healed severe acne. Permanent without treatment but significantly improvable with laser.
Severe
Root Causes

What actually causes Acne?

Multiple factors act together — understanding them helps prevent recurrence after treatment.

Excess Sebum Production
Overactive sebaceous glands — triggered by androgens, heat, and humidity — produce too much oil, creating ideal conditions for pore blockage. Kerala's humid climate amplifies this.
🧬
Hormonal Triggers
Androgens surge during puberty, menstruation, PCOD, and chronic stress — directly driving sebaceous gland hyperactivity. Hormonal acne is the fastest-rising type in adult Indian women.
🦠
Cutibacterium acnes
This bacterium thrives in blocked pores and activates the immune inflammatory cascade responsible for red, painful papules and pustules. It's part of normal skin flora — blockage is what enables it.
Follicular Hyperkeratinisation
Excess dead skin cells clump inside the follicle, forming a microcomedone — the starting point of every acne lesion, whether mild blackhead or severe cyst.
🍚
Diet & High Glycaemic Load
High-GI foods (white rice, maida, sugar, dairy) spike insulin and IGF-1, which stimulate androgen production and sebum. A real aggravator in the South Indian diet.
🧴
Wrong Skincare Routine
Comedogenic products, over-washing, physical scrubs, and steroid creams disrupt the skin barrier, worsen sebum production, and trigger antibiotic resistance.
Who gets acne in India?
  • 85% of teenagers aged 12–24 in India experience acne at some grade
  • Adult acne (25–44 yrs) rising sharply — linked to PCOD, chronic stress, urban diet
  • Women disproportionately affected by hormonal/PCOD-linked adult acne along jawline & chin
  • Kerala's humidity increases sebum production and pore-clogging compared to drier climates
  • Fitzpatrick IV–VI skin types face 3× higher risk of post-acne hyperpigmentation than lighter types
Diagnosis Process

What happens at your DermaVue consultation?

A structured clinical assessment — not a quick glance and a prescription pad. Here's exactly what to expect.

01
Visual Grading & Dermoscopy
Dermatologist classifies acne type and grades severity I–IV. Dermoscopy used for follicular assessment and early scar detection. Baseline photos taken.
02
Hormonal & Lab Screening
For adult or PCOD-linked acne: testosterone, LH/FSH, HOMA-IR, and fasting insulin — correlating androgen excess to breakout pattern and location.
03
Skincare & Product Audit
Full review of current products, cleansing frequency, and any previous steroid or OTC cream use — critical in the Indian context where self-prescribed steroid creams are common.
04
Diet & Lifestyle Assessment
Glycaemic load of diet, dairy intake, sleep quality, and stress levels reviewed — particularly important for menstrual-cycle–linked and adult-onset acne.
05
Personalised Treatment Plan
A written protocol combining topical prescription, systemic medication if needed, in-clinic procedures, and home routine — tailored to skin type, Fitzpatrick phototype, and acne grade.
Available at DermaVue

Acne treatments we offer

All procedures by board-certified MD DVL dermatologists. US-FDA approved equipment. No technician-only protocols — ever.

Find Acne Treatment Near You
Treatment Journey

Your Acne treatment timeline

Results are gradual, progressive, and lasting with the right protocol.

Week 1
Consultation, grading & baseline photos. Labs ordered if hormonal acne suspected. Skincare audit complete.
Prescription starts. First HydraFacial or light chemical peel may be done same visit.
Month 1
Topical and systemic treatment in progress. Purge phase may occur in weeks 2–3 (temporary worsening — normal with retinoids).
Second chemical peel or HydraFacial session. Sebum control beginning to improve.
Month 2–3
Active breakouts reducing significantly. Post-acne marks starting to fade. 50–60% improvement expected.
Scar assessment — if needed, CO2 laser or microneedling course planned.
Month 4–6
Maintenance phase. 75–90% clearance expected. Scar remodelling ongoing with laser/PRP sessions.
Protocol adjusted based on response. Some patients transition to monthly maintenance peels only.
Month 6+
Sustained clear skin. Relapse prevention protocol established. Quarterly dermatologist review recommended.
Most patients reach >85% clearance with long-term skin texture improvement.
FAQ

Frequently asked questions about Acne

There is no overnight cure — but combining a dermatologist-prescribed topical regimen with in-clinic chemical peels or HydraFacial typically shows visible results in 4–6 weeks. Home remedies like toothpaste, lemon juice, or steam damage the skin barrier and worsen inflammation. Isotretinoin, prescribed for severe cystic acne, shows 80–90% clearance in 4–6 months.

No, acne is not contagious. It cannot spread by touching someone who has acne. Acne is caused by hormones, genetics, and pore biology — not bacteria you can catch from another person. Cutibacterium acnes is part of normal skin flora already present on everyone's skin.

Nodular and cystic acne — especially when squeezed — can cause permanent atrophic (depressed) scars. Flat red or brown marks (PIH) are not true scars and fade in 3–6 months with treatment. Existing atrophic scars can be significantly improved with CO2 fractional laser and microneedling — results across 3–6 sessions, with most patients seeing 50–70% scar depth reduction.

Hormonal acne appears as deep, tender papules and cysts along the jawline, chin, and neck — appearing cyclically before menstruation or during PCOD flares. It responds poorly to standard topical benzoyl peroxide or antibiotics alone. Treatment typically requires anti-androgen therapy alongside topical retinoids. Dermatologist assessment of hormonal status is essential before starting treatment.

DermaVue consultation fee is ₹300 at most branches. Chemical peel sessions range ₹1,500–3,500 per session. HydraFacial starts at ₹3,999. Medical prescription cost depends on medication type and duration. Full treatment costs are discussed transparently at your first consultation — no hidden charges or pressure to buy packages.

Kerala's tropical humidity increases sebum production and pore blockage, which can worsen acne in predisposed individuals. Sweat mixing with oil and environmental pollutants compounds the issue. DermaVue dermatologists factor in local climate conditions when designing treatment plans, including recommending non-comedogenic sunscreens and lightweight moisturisers suited to humid conditions.

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Board-certified MD DVL dermatologists across 7 clinics in Kerala & Tamil Nadu. WhatsApp for instant appointment. Consultation ₹300.

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