+91 80860 00608 [email protected] Open All Days · 7 Clinics
Home
All Conditions Acne Psoriasis Eczema Vitiligo Melasma Alopecia Dandruff Ringworm Rosacea Fungal Infection Seborrheic Dermatitis Acne Scars Hyperpigmentation Warts Contact Dermatitis Keloids Urticaria (Hives) Lichen Planus Folliculitis Skin Tags
Hair Transplant Platelet Rich Plasma (PRP) GFC PRP Platelet-Rich Fibrin (PRF) Mesotherapy Beard & Mustache Transplant Eyebrow Transplantation Medical Treatments for Hair Loss
HydraFacial & OxyGeneo Facial Skin Peels MNRF Laser Toning Carbon Laser Peel Botox Fillers & Volume Loss Thread Lift Skin Booster Injections Non-Surgical Rhinoplasty Non-Surgical Jawline & Chin Laser Hair Reduction Laser Tattoo Removal Fractional CO2 Lasers Surgical CO2 Ablation Surgical Tattoo Excision Mole, Wart & Skin Tag Removal Underarm Lightening Hand Rejuvenation Excessive Sweating Body Peel Hand and Foot Peel
Eye Bag Reduction Liposuction Gynecomastia Arm Fat Correction Ear Reshaping Surgery Cyst Excision Double Chin Reduction Fat Grafting
GLP-1 Injections Semaglutide (Ozempic & Wegovy) Tirzepatide (Mounjaro) Belly Fat Reduction Clinical Nutrition Plan Fitness & Mobility Protocol
Gallery
Coimbatore Thrissur Kochi Aluva Kottayam Thiruvalla Thiruvananthapuram Kollam
BOOK A SESSION
📞 +91 80860 00608 [email protected]
Inflammatory Physician Reviewed

Dandruff — treated at the root, not just the surface

A persistent scalp condition driven by fungal overgrowth and sebum imbalance, diagnosed and treated with dermatologist-led protocols at DermaVue's 7 clinics across Kerala & Tamil Nadu.

Pityriasis Capitis Seborrheic Dermatitis of Scalp Flaky Scalp Scalp Dandruff Seborrhoeic Eczema
Affects Scalp
Age Group 15 – 50 years
Contagious No
Treatment 2 – 4 sessions
Consultation ₹300
At a Glance
0%
of the global adult population affected by dandruff at some point
0%+
of dandruff cases linked to Malassezia fungal overgrowth on the scalp
0%+
DermaVue patient satisfaction across 7,400+ reviews
Book Consultation WhatsApp for Appointment Find Nearest Clinic →

7 clinics · Kerala & Tamil Nadu · ₹300 consultation

What Is It

Understanding Dandruff

Reviewed by Dr. Minu Liz Mathew, MBBS MD DVL — February 2026

Dandruff is a common scalp condition where skin cells shed faster than normal, producing visible white or yellowish flakes. It is not caused by poor hygiene — the primary drivers are a yeast called Malassezia, excess sebum, and individual scalp sensitivity. Kerala's warm, humid climate can worsen dandruff by promoting fungal growth and increasing scalp oiliness. DermaVue dermatologists identify the underlying cause — whether fungal, seborrheic, or related to scalp psoriasis — and prescribe targeted antifungal, keratolytic, and anti-inflammatory protocols matched to your scalp type.

Dandruff (ICD-10: L21.0) represents a mild, non-inflammatory form of seborrheic dermatitis confined to the scalp. The condition is driven by Malassezia species — lipophilic yeasts that hydrolyse scalp triglycerides into oleic acid and other unsaturated fatty acids, triggering a Th2-predominant inflammatory response and compensatory epidermal hyperproliferation in susceptible individuals.[1] Corneocyte cohesion is disrupted, leading to visible desquamation. Severity correlates with sebaceous gland density, Malassezia load, and individual barrier function. Indian Fitzpatrick IV–VI skin types may exhibit secondary post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation at the hairline and temples, requiring adjunctive depigmenting approaches.

M
Dr. Minu Liz Mathew, MBBS MD DVL
Consultant Dermatologist · RealSelf Recognised · DermaVue Kochi
Last reviewed: February 2026
Signs & Symptoms

What does Dandruff look like?

Symptoms range widely in severity. Identifying which type you have determines the right treatment.

White Flakes on Scalp
Fine white or greyish scales shedding from the scalp onto hair and shoulders. The hallmark visible sign of dandruff.
Mild
Scalp Itching
Persistent pruritus on the scalp, often worse in the evening or after sweating. Scratching worsens flaking and can cause secondary excoriation.
Moderate
Greasy Yellowish Scales
Oily, adherent yellowish-white scales — characteristic of seborrheic dermatitis rather than simple dry-skin flaking.
Moderate
Scalp Redness
Diffuse or patchy erythema on the scalp surface, indicating underlying inflammatory activity driven by Malassezia metabolites.
Moderate
Hairline & Forehead Spread
Flaking and redness extending beyond the scalp to the hairline, forehead, eyebrows, or nasolabial folds — suggesting progression to seborrheic dermatitis.
Mod. Severe
Post-Inflammatory Darkening
Brownish discolouration at the temples and hairline after persistent scratching or inflammation. More prominent in Indian skin (Fitzpatrick IV–VI).
Mod. Severe
Scalp Tightness & Dryness
Sensation of scalp tautness with fine dry flakes — seen in the dry-type variant, distinct from oily seborrheic dandruff.
Mild
Temporary Hair Thinning
Diffuse hair shedding (telogen effluvium) triggered by chronic scalp inflammation. Reversible with effective dandruff control.
Mod. Severe
Root Causes

What actually causes Dandruff?

Multiple factors act together — understanding them helps prevent recurrence after treatment.

🦠
Malassezia Yeast Overgrowth
Malassezia globosa and M. restricta — lipophilic fungi naturally present on the scalp — break down sebum triglycerides into oleic acid, which irritates the scalp in susceptible individuals and drives epidermal hyperproliferation.
Excess Sebum Production
Overactive sebaceous glands provide the lipid substrate that Malassezia feeds on. Sebum output is influenced by androgens, stress, and climate — explaining why dandruff peaks in adolescence and early adulthood.
Impaired Scalp Barrier Function
Disrupted stratum corneum integrity allows Malassezia metabolites to penetrate deeper, amplifying the inflammatory response and accelerating cell turnover from the normal 28 days to as few as 7–10 days.
🌡
Kerala Humidity & Heat
Kerala's tropical humidity (75–90% year-round) promotes fungal proliferation and sweat-sebum mixing on the scalp, making dandruff more persistent and treatment-resistant compared to drier climates.
🧬
Genetic & Immune Susceptibility
Individual variation in innate immune response to Malassezia metabolites determines who develops dandruff. Those with a Th2-skewed immune profile show higher susceptibility to scalp inflammation.
😰
Stress & Hormonal Fluctuations
Psychological stress increases cortisol and androgen levels, stimulating sebaceous gland output and weakening the scalp's immune defences — triggering or worsening dandruff episodes.
🧴
Harsh Hair Products & Overwashing
Sulphate-heavy shampoos, alkaline soaps, and chemical hair treatments strip the scalp's protective lipid layer, provoking rebound sebum production and worsening the dandruff cycle.
Who gets dandruff in India?
  • 50% of adults worldwide experience dandruff at some point, with peak prevalence between ages 15 and 50
  • Men are more commonly affected — sebaceous gland activity is androgen-driven, and male scalps produce more sebum
  • Kerala's climate increases dandruff persistence — high humidity (75–90%) promotes year-round Malassezia colonisation compared to drier Indian states
  • Immunocompromised individuals — including those with HIV, Parkinson's disease, or on immunosuppressive therapy — have significantly higher rates
  • Fitzpatrick IV–VI skin types are at higher risk of visible post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation at the hairline from chronic scratching
Diagnosis Process

What happens at your DermaVue consultation?

A structured clinical assessment — not a quick glance and a prescription pad. Here's exactly what to expect.

01
Clinical Scalp Examination
Dermatologist performs a thorough visual and dermoscopic examination of the scalp to assess flake type (dry vs. greasy), erythema distribution, and severity. Baseline photographs taken.
02
Dermoscopy & Trichoscopy
Magnified scalp imaging identifies perifollicular scaling patterns, capillary morphology, and signs of associated conditions — distinguishing dandruff from scalp psoriasis, tinea capitis, or contact dermatitis.
03
Fungal & Microbial Assessment
KOH mount or scalp culture may be performed to confirm Malassezia overgrowth or rule out dermatophyte infection (tinea capitis), especially in treatment-resistant or atypical presentations.
04
Trigger & Lifestyle Evaluation
Assessment of hair-washing frequency, product use, stress levels, diet, and environmental factors — particularly relevant in Kerala's humid climate where treatment must account for rapid fungal recolonisation.
05
Personalised Treatment Protocol
A written plan combining medicated shampoos, topical antifungals, scalp serums, and maintenance schedule — tailored to dandruff type (dry vs. oily), severity, and underlying cause.
Available at DermaVue

Dandruff treatments we offer

All procedures by board-certified MD DVL dermatologists. US-FDA approved equipment. No technician-only protocols — ever.

Medicated Antifungal Shampoos
Prescription-strength ketoconazole, ciclopirox, or zinc pyrithione shampoos targeting Malassezia at the scalp surface. Rotation protocols prevent fungal resistance. Contact time and frequency tailored to severity.
Mild to moderate dandruff
Topical Antifungal Therapy
Prescription ketoconazole cream, ciclopirox olamine lotion, or sertaconazole applied directly to affected scalp areas for targeted fungal suppression beyond shampoo contact time.
Persistent or localised dandruff
Scalp Chemical Peel
Salicylic acid or glycolic acid scalp peels exfoliate adherent scales, unclog follicles, reduce Malassezia biofilm, and improve penetration of topical antifungals.
Thick adherent scaling & seborrheic crust
Calcineurin Inhibitors
Non-steroidal topical immunomodulators (tacrolimus, pimecrolimus) for steroid-resistant or steroid-dependent seborrheic dermatitis. Safe for long-term maintenance without skin atrophy risk.
Chronic relapsing seborrheic dermatitis
Low-Level Laser Therapy (LLLT)
Photobiomodulation reduces scalp inflammation, modulates immune response, and supports follicular health. Adjunctive role in inflammatory dandruff with associated hair thinning.
Inflammatory dandruff with hair shedding
PRP Scalp Therapy
Platelet-rich plasma injected into the scalp delivers concentrated growth factors that reduce inflammation, strengthen follicles, and reverse telogen effluvium triggered by chronic dandruff.
Dandruff-related hair thinning
Prescription Oral Antifungals
Short-course itraconazole or fluconazole prescribed for severe or widespread seborrheic dermatitis unresponsive to topical therapy. Liver function monitoring included.
Severe or treatment-resistant cases
Find Dandruff Treatment Near You
Treatment Journey

Your Dandruff treatment timeline

Results are gradual, progressive, and lasting with the right protocol.

Week 1
Consultation, dermoscopy & scalp assessment. Medicated shampoo and topical antifungal prescribed. Product audit and scalp-care routine established.
First scalp chemical peel may be performed for heavy scaling. Correct washing technique demonstrated.
Week 2–3
Visible flaking reduced by 40–60%. Scalp itching subsiding. Antifungal treatment reaching steady-state efficacy.
Second visit for progress check and scalp peel if indicated. Shampoo rotation protocol initiated.
Month 1–2
Scalp largely clear of visible flakes. Residual erythema fading. Associated hair shedding beginning to stabilise.
Transition from treatment-phase to maintenance-phase shampoo frequency. PRP considered if hair thinning present.
Month 3
Maintenance protocol established. Scalp microbiome rebalanced. Post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation at hairline fading with depigmenting agents.
Follow-up dermoscopy confirms remission. Relapse prevention strategy documented.
Month 6+
Long-term remission sustained with maintenance protocol. Quarterly dermatologist review recommended, especially before monsoon season.
Seasonal flare management plan in place for Kerala's humid months (June–September).
FAQ

Frequently asked questions about Dandruff

No, dandruff is not contagious. It cannot be transmitted by sharing combs, towels, or pillows. Dandruff is caused by an overgrowth of Malassezia yeast — a fungus already present on everyone's scalp — combined with individual immune sensitivity and sebum levels. You cannot "catch" dandruff from another person.

Dandruff produces fine white or greasy yellowish flakes with mild redness, primarily on the scalp. Scalp psoriasis produces thicker, silvery-white plaques with well-defined borders that may extend beyond the hairline. Dermoscopy can reliably distinguish the two. Treatment differs significantly — a dermatologist assessment is essential for accurate diagnosis.

Kerala's year-round humidity (75–90%) and warmth create conditions for rapid Malassezia fungal proliferation on the scalp. Increased sweating mixes with sebum and traps fungal metabolites against the skin, intensifying inflammation and flaking. DermaVue dermatologists design treatment plans that account for this climate factor, including humidity-adapted maintenance schedules.

Dandruff itself does not directly cause permanent hair loss. However, chronic scalp inflammation from untreated dandruff can trigger telogen effluvium — a form of diffuse, temporary hair shedding. Persistent scratching can also damage hair follicles. With effective dandruff treatment, this type of hair shedding is typically reversible within 3–6 months.

DermaVue consultation fee is ₹300 at most branches. Medicated shampoo prescriptions typically cost ₹200–600 per bottle. Scalp chemical peel sessions range ₹1,500–3,000 per session. PRP therapy for associated hair thinning starts at ₹4,999 per session. Full treatment costs are discussed transparently at your first consultation — no hidden charges.

Dandruff is a chronic, relapsing condition — not a one-time infection. Malassezia yeast is a permanent resident of the scalp microbiome and cannot be permanently eliminated. Treatment controls overgrowth and inflammation, but without a maintenance regimen (weekly antifungal shampoo, scalp-care routine), recurrence is expected. DermaVue protocols include a long-term maintenance plan designed to minimise relapse frequency and severity.

Book Today

Stop managing Dandruff.
Start clearing it.

Board-certified MD DVL dermatologists across 7 clinics in Kerala & Tamil Nadu. WhatsApp for instant appointment. Consultation ₹300.

Book Consultation WhatsApp Us Find My Nearest Clinic

₹300 consultation · No hidden charges · 7 locations

Book Your Visit

Schedule a Consultation

Board-certified dermatologists across 7 clinics in Kerala & Tamil Nadu.

Scroll to Top

Book a Consultation